Posts Tagged ‘Body’

Int J Gen Med. 2012; 5: 65-80
Chittawatanarat K, Pruenglampoo S, Trakulhoon V, Ungpinitpong W, Patumanond J

Many medical procedures routinely use body weight as a parameter for calculation. However, these measurements are not always available. In addition, the commonly used visual estimation has had high error rates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a predictive equation for body weight using body circumferences.A prospective study was performed in healthy volunteers. Body weight, height, and eight circumferential level parameters including neck, arm, chest, waist, umbilical level, hip, thigh, and calf were recorded. Linear regression equations were developed in a modeling sample group divided by sex and age (younger <60 years and older ≥60 years). Original regression equations were modified to simple equations by coefficients and intercepts adjustment. These equations were tested in an independent validation sample.A total of 2000 volunteers were included in this study. These were randomly separated into two groups (1000 in each modeling and validation group). Equations using height and one covariate circumference were developed. After the covariate selection processes, covariate circumference of chest, waist, umbilical level, and hip were selected for single covariate equations (Sco). To reduce the body somatotype difference, the combination covariate circumferences were created by summation between the chest and one torso circumference of waist, umbilical level, or hip and used in the equation development as a combination covariate equation (Cco). Of these equations, Cco had significantly higher 10% threshold error tolerance compared with Sco (mean percentage error tolerance of Cco versus Sco [95% confidence interval; 95% CI]: 76.9 [74.2-79.6] versus 70.3 [68.4-72.3]; P < 0.01, respectively). Although simple covariate equations had more evidence errors than the original covariate equations, there was comparable error tolerance between the types of equations (original versus simple: 74.5 [71.9-77.1] versus 71.7 [69.2-74.3]; P = 0.12, respectively). The chest containing covariate (C) equation had the most appropriate performance for Sco equations (chest versus nonchest: 73.4 [69.7-77.1] versus 69.3 [67.0-71.6]; P = 0.03, respectively). For Cco equations, although there were no differences between covariates using summation of chest and hip (C+Hp) and other Cco but C+Hp had a slightly higher performance validity (C+Hp versus other Cco [95% CI]: 77.8 [73.2-82.3] versus 76.5 [72.7-80.2]; P = 0.65, respectively).Body weight can be predicted by height and circumferential covariate equations. Cco had more Sco error tolerance. Original and simple equations had comparable validity. Chest- and C+Hp-containing covariate equations had more precision within the Sco and Cco equation types, respectively.
HubMed – body

Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2011 Dec 8; 3: 159-168
Brown MA, Goodwin JL, Silva GE, Behari A, Newman AB, Punjabi NM, Resnick HE, Robbins JA, Quan SF

INTRODUCTION: It is well known that obesity is a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). However, whether SDB predicts increase in BMI is not well defined. Data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) were analyzed to determine whether SDB predicts longitudinal increase in BMI, adjusted for confounding factors. METHODS: A full-montage unattended home polysomnogram (PSG) and body anthropometric measurements were obtained approximately five years apart in 3001 participants. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was categorized using clinical thresholds: < 5 (normal), ≥ 5 to <15 (mild sleep apnea), and ≥ 15 (moderate to severe sleep apnea). Linear regression was used to examine the association between the three AHI groups and increased BMI. The model included age, gender, race, baseline BMI, and change in AHI as covariates. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 62.2 years (10.14), 55.2% were female and 76.1% were Caucasian. Five-year increase in BMI was modest with a mean (SD) change of 0.53 (2.62) kg/m(2) (p=0.071). A multivariate regression model showed that subjects with a baseline AHI between 5-15 had a mean increase in BMI of 0.22 kg/m(2) (p=0.055) and those with baseline AHI ≥ 15 had a BMI increase of 0.51 kg/m(2) (p<0.001) compared to those with baseline AHI of <5. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that there is a positive association between severity of SDB and subsequent increased BMI over approximately 5 years. This observation may help explain why persons with SDB have difficulty losing weight.
HubMed – body

davebrosha posted a photo:

I love photographing unique personalities.

Continuation of my "Body As Art" tattoo project; Airdrie, Alberta. 2011.

Lighting/technical information: ISO 125, F/5.6, 1/160-second exposure. Talyn is lit by an Elinchrom Octabox held to her right in the whipping wind by two helpers.

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Three days of digging leads police to a body in Prince George’s County. Detectives announce the victim was a respected volunteer from the Washington, D.C. area.
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Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Jan 27;
Chantarasorn V, Shek KL, Dietz HP

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The perineal body is an important structure which is often injured during labor. It is believed to play a role in pelvic organ support. Vaginal delivery is likely to increase the mobility of perineal body and anorectal junction. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the mobility of perineal body and anorectal junction before and after delivery using pelvic floor ultrasound. METHODS: Two hundred nulliparous women were enrolled and underwent pelvic floor ultrasound at 36-38 weeks gestation and 3-6 months postpartum. Levator hiatal dimensions and mobility of the perineal body and anorectal junction were measured in volume ultrasound datasets using postprocessing software, blinded against all clinical data, before and after childbirth. RESULTS: Ultrasound measures of mobility of perineal body and anorectal junction were shown to be reproducible (ICC 0.74 and 0.76). After delivery, mobility of both structures had increased significantly (both P < 0.001), and postpartum perineal mobility was associated with delivery mode (P = 0.015). A significant correlation was found between these outcome measures and levator hiatal area on Valsalva, both before and after delivery. Perineal trauma, episiotomy, epidural block, augmentation of labor, and length of first and second stage of labor were not associated with postpartum mobility of perineal body and anorectal junction. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal delivery increases the mobility of perineal body and anorectal junction. Perineal mobility may be partly determined by distensibility of the levator hiatus.
HubMed – body